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<p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="5" color="#FFFFFF">Infectious Diseases
News</font></p>
<hr>
<p align="justify"><font face="Arial"><b> <a href="http://www.voanews.com/english/2004-12-15-voa27.cfm">Sudan's
Polio Outbreak Raises Alarm</a></b><font SIZE="2"> (Posted 15/12/04 - Source:
R. Thibodeaux/VOANews)</font></font></p>
<p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Arial">Officials from the World Health
Organization (WHO) say the number of confirmed cases of polio in Sudan has made
a dramatic rebound in a country that had been declared polio-free three years
ago. Polio has surged to the top of their list of concerns after a child in
the town of Kass was paralyzed by it six months ago. </font></p>
<p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Arial">Since then, World Health Organization
officials say the number of confirmed cases of polio-induced paralysis in Sudan
has soared to 54. Because paralysis occurs in only one in 200 cases, health
experts say there is a high probability that more than 10,000 Sudanese have
been infected with the virus, prompting several U.N. aid agencies to issue repeated
warnings that Sudan is in the midst of a massive outbreak.</font></p>
<hr align="justify">
<p align="justify"><font face="Arial"><b> <a href="http://www.who.int/csr/don/2004_12_15/en/">Typhoid
fever in Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></b><font SIZE="2"> (Posted 15/12/04
- Source: WHO)</font></font></p>
<p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Arial">WHO has received reports of a significant,
ongoing outbreak of typhoid fever in Kinshasa. The cases have occurred in the
suburbs of Kimbanseke, Kikimi, Masina and Ndjili which had already been affected
by an important outbreak of <i>E.coli</i> in May 2004.</font></p>
<p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Arial">As of 13 December 2004, a total
of 13 400 cases were reported. Between 1 October and 10 December 2004, 615 severe
cases with peritonitis, with or without perforation, including 134 deaths (case
fatality rate, 21.8%) have occurred. 5 out of 32 samples tested positive for
<i>S. typhi</i>. Very poor sanitary conditions and a lack of drinking water
have been reported in these areas. A crisis committee has been established to
contain the outbreak and is carrying out health education activities and distributing
medicine.</font></p>
<hr>
<p align="justify"><b><font face="Arial"> <a href="http://www.abc.net.au/rural/news/stories/s1264810.htm">Outbreak
of Q fever in South Australia</a></font></b><font face="Arial" SIZE="2">
(Posted 14/12/04 - Source: ABC Online)</font></p>
<p align="justify"> <font SIZE="2"> <font face="Arial">South Australia is dealing
with its largest outbreak of Q fever in more than a decade. It has been confirmed
that 9 farmers in the state's mid-north have the disease, and there are another
6 suspected cases. </font></font></p>
<font SIZE="2">
<hr align="justify">
</font>
<p align="justify"><b><font face="Arial"> <a href="http://www.chieftain.com/metro/1102799203/2">USA:
Case of bubonic plague in Colorado</a></font></b><font face="Arial" SIZE="2">
(Posted 11/12/04 - Source: ABC Online) </font></p>
<p align="justify"> <font SIZE="2"> <font face="Arial">A 66-year-old Pueblo man
died this week from bubonic plague, the Pueblo City-County Health Department
announced Friday. The man reportedly died Wednesday in a local hospital after
being infected while rabbit hunting recently in Park County.</font></font></p>
<p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Arial">The case was the first plague-related
death in Colorado since 1999, and the state's third case this year. Since the
first human case was reported in 1957, Colorado has reported 50 cases with 8
fatalities. The state averages two cases per year. In Colorado, plague-infected
animals are most likely to be found in the foothills and mountains. Most human
cases occur in summer and early fall months.</font></p>
<hr align="justify">
<p align="justify"><b><font face="Arial"> <a href="http://www.dh.gov.uk/PublicationsAndStatistics/PressReleases/PressReleasesNotices/fs/en?CONTENT_ID=4097445&chk=RUa6PF">United
Kingdom: recent cases of variant Creutzfeldt Jakob disease</a></font></b><font face="Arial" SIZE="2">
(Posted 6/12/04 - Source: Dept. of Health UK)</font></p>
<p align="justify"> <font SIZE="2"> <font face="Arial">The Department of Health
has issued the latest information about the numbers of known cases of Creutzfeldt
Jakob disease. This includes cases of variant Creutzfeldt Jakob disease (vCJD)
- the form of the disease thought to be linked to BSE. Deaths from definite
vCJD (confirmed): 106, deaths from probable vCJD (without neuropathological
confirmation): 39, deaths from probable vCJD (neuropathological confirmation
pending): 2. </font></font></p>
<b>
<hr align="justify">
</b>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><b><font face="Arial"> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ew/2004/041125.asp">
Increase in mumps cases in England and Wales in 2004</a></font></b><font SIZE="2"><font face="Arial">
(Posted 25/11/04 – Source: Eurosurveillance / HPA)</font></font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Arial">So far in 2004, 3696 cases of mumps
have been confirmed in England and Wales (weeks 1-39), compared with a total
of 3884 cases between 1999 and 2003. All regions have reported cases in 2004
and all except two have already had more cases this year than in the whole of
2003. Of all cases this year, 78% (2886 cases) were reported in young people
aged 15-24. </font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Arial">Immunisation against mumps was
introduced in England and Wales in October 1988 as a component of the measles,
mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine and offered routinely to all children aged 12
to 15 months. A second dose of MMR vaccine at pre-school age was introduced
in October 1996. Before the introduction of MMR in 1988, mumps was not notifiable
and surveillance was based on laboratory reports. Since 1989, mumps has been
notifiable and since late 1994, the facility to test saliva for IgM has been
available to family doctors. </font></p>
<p ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="2" face="Arial">Following the introduction of MMR,
the incidence of mumps decreased rapidly until 1997. Since then the number of
confirmed cases has increased. In 2003, there was a rise in notifications which
has continued throughout 2004, with further increases in the numbers of confirmed
cases.</font></p>
<hr>
<p align="justify"> <b><font face="Arial"> <a href="http://www.promedmail.org/pls/askus/f?p=2400:1001:420::NO::F2400_P1001_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1011,27311">
Democratic Republic of Kongo: acute typhoid fever kills 16</a> </font></b> <font SIZE="2"><font face="Arial"> (Posted
23/11/04 – Source: ProMED mail)</font></font></p>
<p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Arial">16 people have died of an acute
form of typhoid fever, and 144 others have become infected in recent weeks in
the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), a medical source in the capital,
Kinshasa, told IRIN on Mon 22 Nov 2004.</font></p>
<p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Arial">Dr. Miandolo Miakala, a medical
inspector, said. "There is a 9 percent death rate, 16 people among the
150 cases that we've recorded in our hospitals in Kinshasa," he added.
Miakala said the 1st cases of the outbreak were recorded in early October 2004.</font></p>
<p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Arial">The WHO in Kinshasa has classified
the situation as an epidemic. "We are sending a team on the ground to conduct
tests, determine the causes, and map out the hot spots of the epidemic,"
Dr. Edmond Magazini, the WHO head for Kinshasa, said.</font></p>
<hr>
<p align="justify"><font face="Arial"><b> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ew/2004/041118.asp">European
Influenza Surveillance Scheme database suggests west-east spread of influenza
across Europe</a> </b><font size="2"> (Posted
18 Nov 2004 - Source: Eurosurveillance Weekly)</font></font></p>
<p align="justify"><font face="Arial" size="2">An analysis of data collected by
the European Influenza Surveillance Scheme during the past 5 winters (1999 to
2004) reveals a possible west-east spread of influenza across Europe. In 3 of
the 5 winters (2003/2004, 2002/2003, 2001/2002), the analysis suggests that
there was west-east spread and during one of these seasons (2001/2002) there
was also a south-north spread .<br>
<br>
More detailed mapping analyses are needed to confirm these findings, and EISS
will initiate a European Mapping Project, based on a collaborative mapping project
between Germany and the Netherlands, to further explore these questions and
to improve the presentation of influenza activity each winter. The current objective
is to provide this new mapping data on the EISS website during the 2005/2006
season.<br>
<br>
The analysis also found that clinical activity (usually cases of influenza-like
illness, but occasionally cases of acute respiratory infection) reported by
sentinel physicians and collected by EISS is a valid indicator of influenza
activity and that, for Europe as a whole, increased influenza activity lasts
for 10 to 22 weeks (2 to 5 months) each season.<br>
<br>
The long period of increased influenza activity and the possibility of a west-east
spread may have important consequences for influenza pandemic planning in Europe.
For example, these findings could help with the planning and efficient allocation
of resources (such as antivirals and vaccines) in Europe before and during a
pandemic.</font></p>
<hr>
<p><font face="Arial"><b><a href="http://apnews.myway.com/article/20041118/D86ECLTG0.html">
Suspected second case of BSE in the USA</a> </b><font size="2">(</font></font><font size="2" face="Arial">Posted
18 Nov 2004 - Source: Associated Press)</font></p>
<p><font size="2" face="Arial">A second case of BSE may have turned up in the
United States but the suspect animal has not entered the food chain, Agriculture
Department officials said Thursday. The officials released few details and refused
to say where the possibly diseased animal was found. They said it would be four
to seven days before more could be confirmed.</font></p>
<p><font size="2" face="Arial">The possible case comes 11 months after the United
States had its first case of mad cow disease. Japan and other countries are
still maintaining bans against U.S. beef as the result of the earlier case.
</font></p>
<p><font size="2" face="Arial">Thousands of animals have been tested under new
screening procedures that took effect June 1 to address complaints that too
few animals in the United States are tested for the disease. The mad cow screening
programs used by the government were developed by Bio-Rad Laboratories of Hercules,
Calif., and have been used in Europe for a number of years. </font></p>
<p><font size="2" face="Arial">In the only confirmed U.S. case, a Canadian-born
Holstein was found to have been infected, but just that one case caused Japan
and more than three dozen other countries to refuse U.S. beef. </font></p>
<hr>
<p align="justify"><font face="Arial"><b> <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/kent/4016867.stm">England:
emergency vaccinations for mumps offered in Kent </a></b> <font size="2">(Posted
16 Nov 2004 - Source: BBC News)</font></font></p>
<p align="justify"><font face="Arial" size="2">Dr Mathi Chandrakumar, director
of the Kent Health Protection Unit, announced a mumps vaccination program, after
cases rose from 39 last year [2003] to 113 so far in 2004. Dr Chandrakumar said
the rise was not an epidemic, but protection was needed. Health officials are
targeting up to 30 000 at-risk teenagers at 8 tertiary education sites.<br>
<br>
Dr Chandrakumar told BBC South East Today: "We don't need to be worried
as long as this campaign is successful, and we can prevent large numbers of
cases. We know it works, because, when we had an outbreak in the University
of Kent, we carried out a campaign, and we stopped it in its tracks; we did
not have any further cases." <br>
<br>
Dr Chandrakumar said outbreaks were occurring in people too old to have been
offered measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) jabs routinely as children. The UK
MMR program only started in 1988. Dr Chandrakumar said the vaccination was "perfectly
safe" and did not have any serious side effects.<br>
<br>
Kent University completed a round of immunizations for new students at the start
of term in late October 2004. Other UK universities are also launching mass
MMR vaccinations to stem the mumps threat.</font></p>
<hr>
<p align="justify"><b><font face="Arial"> <a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/900233.cms">Encephalitis
cases in Uttar Pradesh, India</a> </font></b> <font size="2" face="Arial">(Posted
7 Nov 2004 - Source: Times News Network)</font><br>
<br>
<font size="2" face="Arial">Disturbed by the rise in the death toll in neighboring
Uttar Pradesh, the Delhi government has asked 2 hospitals to remain alert for
the "mysterious disease" identified as Japanese Encephalitis. The
disease, that has so far caused 92 deaths, is a mosquito-borne viral infection.
Delhi health minister, Yoganand Shastri, on Tuesday [26 Oct 2004] directed the
health department to take due precautions against the infection.<br>
<br>
2 government hospitals, Kalawati Saran and Guru Tegh Bahadur, have been alerted,
even while authorities confirmed that no such cases have been reported in Delhi
so far.<br>
<br>
Health department officials will be meeting with officials from the Union health
ministry and the Indian Council for Medical Research on Wednesday [27 Oct 2004],
asking for guidelines on the issue. "We do not have a very clear idea about
the disease. We will ask the ministry to issue guidelines, and the directorate
of health services will implement them accordingly," said S.P. Aggarwal,
principal secretary (health).<br>
<br>
According to news reports, the death toll in UP's Baghpat and Saharanpur areas
has gone up to 92. Saharanpur district was the worst affected, accounting for
40 deaths so far. A few deaths were also reported from Moradabad, Noida, and
Ghaziabad districts.</font></p>
<hr align="justify">
<p align="justify"><b><font face="Arial"> <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5343a7.htm">West
Nile virus Activity - United States Human Cases</a></font></b><font face="Arial" size="2">
(Posted 5 Nov 2004 - Source: MMWR)<br>
<br>
During the period Wed 27 Oct to Tue 2 Nov 2004, a total of 10 cases of human
West Nile virus (WNV) illness were reported from 8 states (Arizona,Georgia,
Iowa, Michigan, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, and Pennsylvania).<br>
<br>
During 2004, 40 states and the District of Columbia (DC) have reported 2241
cases of human WNV illness to CDC through ArboNET. Of these,710 (32 percent)
cases were reported in California, 381 (17 percent) in Arizona, and 276 (12
percent) in Colorado. A total of 1295 (59 percent) of the 2211 cases for which
such data were available occurred in males; the median age of patients was 52
years (range: 1 month to 99 years). Date of illness onset ranged from 23 Apr
to 21 Oct 2004; a total of 76 cases were fatal.</font></p>
<hr align="justify">
<p align="justify"><b><font face="Arial"> <a href="http://www.promedmail.org/pls/askus/f?p=2400:1001:420::NO::F2400_P1001_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1011,27127">
Typhoid Fever in Russia (Moscow) </a></font></b><font face="Arial" size="2"> (Posted
5 Nov 2004 - Source: ProMed-mail)</font></p>
<p align="justify"><font face="Arial" size="2">For the 1st time in some years,
cases of typhoid have been reported in Moscow among permanent residents of the
city. Earlier in 2004, typhoid fever was observed among natives of Central
Asia living in Moscow.<br>
<br>
In July 2004, Moscow's main state health officer, Nikolay Filatov, reported
that in Moscow in the first half of 2004, 27 cases of disease caused by the
typhoid bacillus were reported, as compared to 12 cases during the same 6-month
period in 2003. The majority of cases of typhoid fever in Moscow were imported
from other regions. - Natalia Pchenithnaia</font></p>
<hr align="justify">
<p align="justify"><font face="Arial"> <a target="_blank" href="http://newsobserver.com/news/story/1795940p-8095055c.html"><b>
E. coli O157 outbreak in North Carolina</b> </a> </font><font face="Arial" size="2">(Posted
4 Nov 2004 - Source: Newsobserver)</font></p>
<p align="justify"><font face="Arial" size="2">Health investigators are looking
into whether 5 of at least 24 people stricken in an E. col_ O157 outbreak were
infected at the state fair in Oct 2004 after finding they were all infected
by the same strain.<br>
<br>
A 6th victim who also attended the fair in Raleigh, NC was found to have a different
strain of the bacterium, but health officials said Thu, 4 Nov 2004, that they
think the case is related.<br>
<br>
At least 4 cases of the E. coli infection occurred coincidentally to the fair
outbreak, investigators said. They were 2 people in Mecklenburg County who got
sick before the fair opened and a parent and child who live on a farm.
"It's beginning to tighten it up," said Dr. Jeffrey Engel, state epidemiologist.
"Every day we get more information. If we can get more DNA types
that match the 5 and they all had fair contact, we almost have a closed case.
But we have to wait for results."<br>
<br>
By Thu, 4 Nov 2004, state health officials were investigating 38 cases of_E.
coli_ infections. Engel said 75 percent of cases involved children. 3 youngsters,
including a 13-year-old girl from Moore County and a 2-year-old boy from Wilson,
had developed hemolytic-uremic syndrome. </font></p>
<p align="justify"><font face="Arial" size="2">The number of new cases being reported
to state officials has begun to taper off, Engel said, and secondary outbreaks
involving human-to-human transmission have not appeared. </font></p>
<hr align="justify">
<p align="justify"><font face="Arial"><b> <a href="http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/nm/20041105/hl_nm/sars_china_dc">
SARS early warning system in China</a></b></font><font face="Arial" size="2">
(Posted 4 Nov 2004 - Source: Reuters)</font></p>
<p align="justify"><font face="arial" size="-1">China's capital, Beijing, has
imposed an early-warning system for infectious diseases, anticipating a possible
return of the deadly SARS virus as winter sets in, the Beijing Morning Post
said on Friday. </font></p>
<p align="justify"><font size="-1" face="arial">The system divides infectious
disease outbreaks into four classes of magnitude, with different responses to
be put in motion for each. Class one, or severe outbreaks, covered the infection
of 100 or more people by SARS or any other infectious disease and contagions
that expand by more than 20 percent in two months, the newspaper said. </font></p>
<p align="justify"><font size="-1" face="arial">Three public hospitals, including
Ditan Hospital, which handled many of Beijing's SARS cases in last year's outbreak,
and one military hospital had been designated as treatment centers for class
one and two outbreaks. </font></p>
<p align="justify"><font size="-1" face="arial">In the last two weeks, China has
issued emergency instructions to hospitals nationwide to isolate patients suffering
from severe respiratory diseases and banned the cooking and selling of civet
cat, an animal considered the primary source of last year's SARS epidemic. </font></p>
<p align="justify"><font size="-1" face="arial">Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
emerged in China's southern Guangdong province in November 2002 and was soon
spread by travelers worldwide. The disease eventually killed 800 people around
the world, 300 of them in China, and infected around 8,000, dealing a severe
blow to several Asian economies. Nine people were confirmed infected with SARS
in April this year in Beijing and Anhui province and one died. </font></p>
<hr align="justify">
<p align="justify"> <a href="http://www.promedmail.org/pls/askus/f?p=2400:1001:420::NO::F2400_P1001_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1011,27130">
<b><font face="Arial">Kyrgyzstan: hepatitis A outbreak in Bishkek and Osh</font></b><font face="Arial" size="2">
</font></a><font face="Arial" size="2"> (Posted 4 Nov 2004 - Source: ProMed-mail)
</font></p>
<p align="justify"><font face="Arial" size="2">A 3-fold increase in the incidence
of hepatitis A has been recorded in Bishkek. According to the Bishkek epidemiological
center, an increase in hepatitis A cases was 1st observed at the beginning of
October 2004 and has continued to increase up to the present. 97 cases were
registered in Bishkek alone during the past week [final week of October 2004],
which is 3 times the number registered last year [2003], a total of 34 cases
for one week in 2003. Health officials are predicting a further increase in
case number.<br>
<br>
A hepatitis A epidemic is also seriously affecting the southern part of Kyrgyzstan
in the Osh region. The number of hepatitis A cases registered between August
and November 2004 has reached a figure of 1874, of whom, 1593 (or 85 percent
of the cases) are children under the age of 14 years. According to epidemiologists,
the peak of the seasonal rise in hepatitis A coincides with long-term trends.</font></p>
<hr align="justify">
<p align="justify"><font face="Arial"><b> <a href="http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/wnv-vwn/mon_e.html">West
Nile virus cases in Canada</a></b> </font><font face="Arial" size="2">(Posted
3 Nov 2004 - Source: Public Health Agency of Canada)</font></p>
<p align="justify"><font face="Arial" size="2">The total number of probable and
confirmed human cases of West Nile virus infection in Canada remains unchanged
since Wed 13 Oct 2004 at 29: Alberta 2 cases, (one case travel-related); Manitoba
3 cases (2 travel-related); Ontario 13 cases (2 travel-related); Quebec one;
Saskatchewan, 10 cases. No deaths have been reported.</font></p>
<hr align="justify">
<p align="justify"><b><font face="Arial"> <a href="http://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/hotnews/4bh2102838.html">NIAID
Launches Program to Improve Medical Tools Against Emerging Infectious Diseases</a></font><font face="Arial" size="2">
</font></b><font face="Arial" size="2">(Posted 2 Nov 2004 - Source: Infection
Control Today)</font></p>
<p align="justify"><font face="Arial" size="2">The National Institute of Allergy
and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH),
has awarded 14 contracts totaling more than $73 million to fund the Large-Scale
Antibody and T Cell Epitope Discovery Program, an initiative aimed at quickly
identifying the regions of selected infectious agents that elicit immune reactions.
The study of these epitopes, promises to uncover targets for new and improved
vaccines, therapies and diagnostic tools against potential bioterror agents
as well as emerging/re-emerging infectious diseases such as West Nile virus
and influenza. NIAID will make information on each newly identified epitope
freely available to scientists through a searchable online database currently
under development.</font></p>
<hr align="justify">
<h3 align="justify"><font face="Arial" size="3"> <a href="http://usinfo.state.gov/xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-english&y=2004&m=November&x=20041102115429lcnirellep0.40823&t=livefeeds/wf-latest.html">
U.S. Scientists Receive $4 Million to Study Tuberculosis</a></font><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-weight: 400">
(Posted 1 Nov 2004 - Source: US Department of State) </span></font></h3>
<p align="justify"><font face="Arial" size="2">A research team at the Oregon Health
& Science University (OHSU) will focus on tuberculosis (TB) in a search
for proteins that activate the body's immune response to emerging infectious
diseases, according to a November 1 OHSU press release.</font></p>
<p align="justify"><font face="Arial" size="2">OHSU funding for the project comes
from the Large-Scale Antibody and T Cell Epitope Discovery Program, a five-year,
$4 million contract from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease
(NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health. NIAID is investing $73 million
in grants to promote research into the immune system response with funds being
distributed to 10 U.S. institutions and three in Europe.</font></p>
<p align="justify"><font face="Arial" size="2">The OHSU team will focus on tuberculosis
and will use cells from TB patients whose immune response has been able to keep
the disease under control. The goal is to use this information to help create
TB vaccines that can provide the same protection to others.</font></p>
<hr align="justify">
<p align="justify"><b><font face="Arial"> <a href="http://www.promedmail.org/pls/askus/f?p=2400:1001:420::::F2400_P1001_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_ARCHIVE_NUMBER,F2400_P1001_USE_ARCHIVE:1001,20041101.2949,Y">
Dengue fever epidemic in Chinese province under control</a></font></b><font face="Arial" size="2">
(Posted 30 Oct 2004 - Source: ProMed-mail)</font></p>
<p align="justify"><font face="Arial" size="2">The dengue fever epidemic in Cixi,
a city of east China's Zhejiang Province, has been brought under control, the
Zhejiang Provincial Health Department announced on 27 Oct 2004.<br>
<br>
To date, 80 of the 83 dengue fever patients detected in Zhejiang have been discharged
from the hospital. The remaining 3 are in stable condition, but still under
medical quarantine.<br>
<br>
The No. 1 People's Hospital in Ningbo City, Zhejiang, reported a suspected dengue
fever case in Xiaolin Township of Cixi on 3 Oct 2004. The patient was confirmed
to have the fever the following day. By 14 Oct 2004, 83 dengue cases were reported
in the city. The disease did not spread to the medical workers helping to treat
the patients. </font></p>
<hr align="justify">
<p align="justify"> <b><font face="Arial"> <a href="http://www.paho.org/English/AD/DPC/CD/eid-eer-2004-oct-06.htm#hanta">
Epidemiological Situation of Hantavirus in Brazil</a></font></b><font SIZE="2"><font face="Arial">
(Posted 26/10/04 – Source: Pan American Health Organization (PAHO))</font></font></p>
<p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Arial">Up to 5 September 2004, 85 new
cases of Hantavirus were confirmed in Brazil as Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome
(HCPS). The number of cases reported to date for this year is equivalent to
the total number of cases reported for 2003. </font></p>
<p align="justify"><font size="2" face="Arial">These 85 cases were detected in
10 (37%) of the Brazilian states, with only the northeastern region not registering
cases. Nearly 60% of the cases were detected in Minas Gerais and the Federal
District. The geographical spread of the disease is limited to 45 areas or municipalities
of transmission, or 0.8% of the total number of Brazilian municipalities </font>
</p>
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